Fluidization velocity calculator. To the right of point A the bed is well fluidized.
Fluidization velocity calculator. . Minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) is of fundamental importance in gas fluidization. Zheng and Zhu (2001) proposed a definition of the onset velocity of circulating fluidization (U cf) which was only dependent on the properties of the liquid and particles. Fluidization discharge assessment: run with 22 in. 45 and a specific gravity of 2. The minimum fluidization velocity can also be determined experimentally by plotting pressure drop change across the bed versus the flow rate, as shown in Fig. column. 42 (b) If you operate the bed at a velocity Nov 1, 2008 · For critical fluidization velocity in tapered fluidized beds, a correlation similar to that of Thonglimp et al. In the present study, solid particle bed transition from fixed state to fluidized state is investigated, in terms of pressure drop and non-dimensional The void fraction at minimum fluidization is 0. 128 m/s, 0. The enhanced wall friction leads to an increase in the minimum fluidization velocity. b. 566 m/s which corresponds to from 1. 3. g To precisely calculate the minimum fluidization velocity at elevated temperatures and pressures, a correlation was proposed based on the simulation results. , solid particle size, column diameter, height, liquid velocity, etc. For all practical purpose minimum fluidization (at low velocity) (at high velocity) Point A in Figs. [5–12]. We used the Ergun equationon the packed bed pageto describe the drag exerted on a particle bed by the fluid flow. E. Both velocities are described later. a. 9 Finally, equations to calculate the fraction of the bed comprising bubbles, the bubble size, the velocity of bubble rise, and the fractional volume of 7 Fluidisation. 14, the ratio of the minimum fluidization velocity of irregular particle with sphericity factors 0. The 5 days ago · Provided an object traveled 500 meters in 3 minutes, to calculate the average velocity, you should take the following steps: Change minutes into seconds (so that the final result would be in meters per second): 3 minutes = 3 × 60 = 180 seconds. 44. M = void fraction at the minimum fluidization velocity A = cross-sectional area of the bed ρ p = particle density g = gravitational acceleration M = total mass of packing. Specifically, it is the point at which all the particles become suspended. 7 ⋅ (1 + 3. Correlating data is a delicate task where the best is among the worse. ε is the porosity of the bed. 98 mm/s and the voidage at incipient fluidization is known to be 0. 4 cm), db = 8. 156 to 0. Apr 3, 2022 · Accurate calculation of the minimum fluidization velocity makes it possible to reduce raw material losses due to the use of excessively high or excessively low air velocities. Particle Sizes The size of dust particles, pollen, bacteria, virus and many more. 5 for coal beds) Illustrative calculations. 45. When the fluid drag force is equal to the bed weight the particles no longer rest on each other; this is the point of fluidisation. In this paper, first, a series of experiments are carried out by changing the particle size and material mass to explore their effects on U0mf and ΔPmf. 072m/s, 0. When a gas flow is introduced through the bottom of a bed of solid particles Dec 1, 1996 · The minimum fluidization velocity is strongly influenced by pressure, decreasing as pressure increases. The properties of the solid particle are as follows: Dp = 0. Problem 7: A rapid sand filter plant contains 10 filter units, each 5 m long and 2. 25 mm. First step in the process of description of fluidized bed is to calculate the velocity of gas needed in the system. The well-known equation of Wen and Yu and two equations proposed for the calculation of u mf at reduced pressures are tested; the comparison with experimental data shows that they can be applied only over restricted pressure ranges. e. However, Umf is affected by numerous factors, including, among others, the operation conditions and physical properties of both solids and gases. For handout and presentation https://www. The wall friction opposes not only the bed weight but also the drag force acting on the particles during fluidization. Minimum fluidization velocity (Umf can be calculated theoretically using characteristic parameters like density, drag coefficient, viscosity, etc. Jan 16, 2021 · Worked solution for Question 2, Chapter 7 (available as free download at https://www. We can distinguish two basic velocities describing fluidization: minimum and terminal. First the minimum fluidization velocity is obtained from Equation (CD12-25): Step 2. 3 Fluidization velocities. This implies that; Therefore, the pressure drop across bed is -1920 atm. Pipe Line Velocities vs. The height of the packed bed is 1 m. May 1, 2006 · The D 90 provides an estimate of the largest sand in the sample and is the value used during design to calculate the velocity required to fluidize even the largest sand Determination . 25. 3: (a) Bed height at incipient fluidization. The onset velocity was determined by plotting the time The details and the significance of each of the characteristics are explained by Peng and Fan [1]. Civil Engineering questions and answers. These hydrodynamic parameters are well influenced by the physical characteristic of fluid (density, viscosity Jul 24, 2021 · The formula for calculating pressure drop across bed: -ΔP = (1 – e) (ρ s – ρ)g. 49 MS&H . The May 1, 2002 · Minimum fluidization velocity at different conditioning. Dp is the particle diameter. At this point the pressure drop is maximum. 5-1. Specifically, the Ergun equation gives the following permeability k {\displaystyle k} and inertial permeability k 1 {\displaystyle k_{1}} from the Darcy Ut = terminal free settling velocity of particle (m /s) / = porosity of fixed bed (Approx. 9 Finally, equations to calculate the fraction of the bed comprising bubbles, the bubble size, the velocity of bubble rise, and the fractional volume of Fluidization (or fluidisation) is a process similar to liquefaction whereby a granular material is converted from a static solid -like state to a dynamic fluid -like state. This process occurs when a fluid ( liquid or gas) is passed up through the granular material. 6 ⋅ 10 − 5 ⋅ A r − 1) where Ar represents Archimedes number calculated from the following equation Aug 15, 2011 · 1. Next, the Kunii-Levenspiel bubbling-bed model is described in detail. Minimum fluidization velocity of quartz sand and glass bead under different pressures of 0. Calculate the minimum fluidizing velocity Umf and the mode of fluidization for the bed of micro spherical particle with following size This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The superficial velocity at this point is known as Minimum fluidization velocity (Umf can be calculated theoretically using characteristic parameters like density, drag coefficient, viscosity, etc. The wall friction Jul 1, 2007 · Minimum fluidization velocity of quartz sand and glass bead under different pressures of 0. This is Eq. 2 mm, both fluidization mediums show a shift in the particle size distribution between Sep 1, 2010 · Experiments show that the minimum fluidization velocity of particles increases as the diameter of the fluidization column is reduced, or if the height of the bed is increased. Many empirical relations are derived in the literature that attempt to predict the minimal fluidization velocity [26]. Water temperature is The minimum fluidization velocity is strongly influenced by pressure, decreasing as pressure increases. 0 MPa were investigated. 86 cm. 7 and the bed voidage at minimum fluidization be 0. 39 Calculate the fluidization velocity of water at 2 0 ∘ C that will expand filter sand with an effective size of 0. uk/particle_technology_book/index. Where: Find the porosity when the sedimentation velocity is 22, the corresponding velocity is 10 and the index number is Jul 1, 2014 · Minimum fluidization velocity is determined for the three materials at different bed height and flow conditions. 37 to 0. For example, if the container has a volume of 2 liters (2000 milliliters) and you added 500 milliliters of water, you have 500/2000 = 0. The initial volume fraction of solid is 0. Introduction. 65 and a porosity of 0. As the velocity is increased further still, the bubbles in a bubbling fluidized bed will Jan 1, 2011 · Fluidization is an engineering unit operation that occurs when a fluid (liquid or gas) ascends through a bed of particles, and these particles get a velocity of minimum fluidization V mf enough to stay in suspension, but without carrying them in the ascending flow. I need to find the minimum fluidization velocity but i am not sure how to do it. In order to study fluidization, one can vary the gas superficial velocity at certain solid loadings and calculate the liquid vertical velocity using the extended k – ε turbulence model, which considers the effect of bubble-induced turbulence and dispersed phases’ interactions [12]. In this section we describe the regions of fluidization and calculate the minimum and maximum fluidization velocities. (minimum fluidization velocity of binary mixture in cylindrical bed) [15] and for maximum pressure drop a correlation similar to that of Olazer et al. (560 mm) dia. The influence of pressure to the minimum fluidization velocities is stronger for larger particles than for smaller ones. Explanation: When the velocity of the gas fed from the bottom of the column increases, the bed starts losing particles as they get suspended in the fluid. One of these correlations in use is the velocity ratio: the ratio of minimum bubbling to minimum fluidization velocity, Umb/Umf. Estimate the minimum fluidization superficial velocity. To precisely calculate the minimum Question: (30 points) (a) Calculate the minimum fluidization velocity and the pressure drop at minimum fluidization condition for fluidization of a bed of solid particles with air at 2atm and 25oC. In the following sections we will find • the pressure drop and pumping power needed to fluidize a bed of solids. In 1952, Sabri Ergun derived the following equation to predict the pressure drop in packed beds. In the present work, CFD simulation of a cylindrical gas–solid fluidized bed has been carried out using discrete phase model. The diameter and mass of the particle is (1. The deviation between the theoretical and the experimental fluidization velocities increases with increasing void fraction. 78 m/s. Roy. At this point, a bubbling fluidized bed occurs as shown in Figure 2. 5 cm, under continuous flow of fluid of viscosity u = 1 cP and density P,= 1g/cm3. 5 m wide. , 2005) showed that 2D TFM simulations cannot detect the minimum fluidization velocity in terms of pressure drop, and perform poorly near minimum fluidization. To the right of point A the bed is well fluidized. 2. 7 mm, a porosity of 0. (Taghipour et al. Jun 1, 2023 · Taghipour et al. 033 m/s respectively. Calculate the minimum fluidization velocity of coal particles to be fluidized by aqueous solution of density close to water for beneficiation purpose. Lucas and Josep Arnaldos and Joaquim Casal and Luis Puigjaner}, journal={Industrial \& Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development}, year={1986 To evaluate powder fluidization suitability, we can perform the following tests: Minimum fluidization velocity: run with 8 in. 88 ρ = 1000kg/m3 u000fm = 0. Also find the effective size of anthracite coal with a uniformity cosfficient of 1. It is defined as a superficial gas velocity when the mass of the particles is in counterbalance with the drag force of the upward fluid. A new, semicorrelated model is proposed, which incorporates Janssen's wall effects in the calculation of the minimum fluidization velocity. Example 1: Compute the terminal velocity and fluidization velocity of filter sand that has a particle size of 0. Relations to determine the minimum fluidization velocity ( umf) are tested statistically with 80 measurements reported in the literature on 20 different substances. Fluidized bed hydrodynamic behavior is very complex and must be understood to improve fluidized bed operations. ca/en Feb 1, 2013 · The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of bed temperature and particle size distribution (PSD) on minimum fluidization velocity (U mf). For the first time, a general correlation of the minimum fluidization voidage (ϵmf ) versus particle The particle sphericity may be taken as 0. 0. The applicability of empirical correlations relies essentially on the May 1, 2019 · The average minimum fluidization velocity lies between the initial and full fluidization velocity, and it can be obtained from the pressure drop curve at the intersection of two extrapolation lines drawn through the fixed bed and fluidized bed conditions as noted in the literature. V0 is the superficial velocity (the volumetric gas flowrate divided by the cross-sectional area of the bed) Defines minimum fluidization velocity and discusses range of operation of fluidized bed by comparing with terminal settling velocity. 75 mm) and the results were appropriate under the conditions Re mf < 20, and the calculation result was close to the experimental value. The minimum fluidization velocity of irregular particle is less than spherical particles. Divide the distance by time: velocity = 500 / 180 = 2. Problem 6: Calculate the terminal velocity and the minimum fluidization velocity of filter sand with an effective size of 0. Powder Technology 1992, 71 (1) , 111-114. May 2, 2018 · The main purpose of this work is to find a new numerical model that is capable of investigating the minimum fluidization velocity in a gas–solid bed over a broad range of particle diameters and particle densities. 45; 0. For all practical purpose minimum fluidization Jun 4, 2020 · The calculation method of the minimum fluidization velocity according to the Kunii and Levenspiel equations was suitable for particle with diameter d p = (0. AB - The minimum fluidization velocity of particles is one of the most critical parameters for the design and operation of fluidized beds. The main . The critical fluidization velocity and maximum bed pressure drop were calculated using Eqs. Air-assisted discharge: localized powder aeration vs. Different drag correlations were examined to Feb 7, 2022 · A simple method is proposed for calculating the minimum velocity of fluidization of a bed consisting of particles differing considerably in shape and size. 9 u/u mf). DOI: 10. 55 mm, a uniformity coefficient of 1. 10. 5, a specific gravity of 2. According to Eq. Based on the test results and Ergun equation, an experience May 21, 2021 · I am simulating a 2D fluidized bed(gas-solid),using eulerian-eulerian multiphase model and syamlal-o'brien drag model. However, in practice, is typically higher than the predicted value, as was To derive an equation for the minimum fluidization velocity, we have to apply the following physical concept: Fluidization of the packed bed starts when the pressure drop across the packed bed is equal the weight of the bed/unit area. In practice minimum fluidization velocity is determined by a plot of superficial velocity versus pressure drop in the bed for a particular fuel. Calculate the height of the bed. Increasing the gas flow further, the formation of fluidization bubbles sets in. Suryanarayana, G. The superficial fluid velocity at which the fluidization of the bed commences is called the incipient or minimum fluidization velocity, V0M. 46. μ is the gas viscosity. May 1, 2004 · Shorter CommunicationRevisiting the Wen and Yu Equations for Minimum Fluidization Velocity Prediction. 1021/I200033A013 Corpus ID: 93158278; Improved equation for the calculation of minimum fluidization velocity @article{Lucas1986ImprovedEF, title={Improved equation for the calculation of minimum fluidization velocity}, author={A. 068 m/s and 0. Calculate the porosity of the bed at 4 times the minimum fluidization velocity? c. 1016/0032-5910(92)88011-6. 7. 85, respectively. The experimental minimum fluidization velocity is about equal to the theoretical for the small particles (100-200 µm). Aug 17, 2020 · The minimum fluidization velocity for sizes 600µm, 500 µm, 425 µm, and 300 µm were 0. The minimum fluidization velocity decreases with the increasing of pressure. R. Singh, A. REFERENCES Ergun, S. 12mm Φs = 0. By May 1, 2004 · An improvement of their method has been suggested to increase, on the one hand, the prediction accuracy for the minimum fluidization velocity calculation, and on the other hand, the scientific exactness of this generally received engineering method. The fluidization also becomes more violent with an increase of the velocity, until all the particles get suspended in the fluid. 225; 0. 5, 1. The density of the particle (ρs) is 3959 kg/m3. To calculate ub we must know the size of the bubble db , that is, (CD12-36): Step 3. test column. (b) Calculate the mean fluidized bed voidage when the liquid flow rate is 2 x 10-5 m3/s. One of the most important parameters to characterizing fluidized bed conditions is the minimum fluidization velocity, U mf (Ramos Caicedo et al. The D 90 can be determined from the particle size distribution as plotted on log-probability paper or can be approximated ( Cleasby, 1990 ) by: D 90 = D 10 × 10 Jun 25, 2015 · This video demonstrates how to determine the minimum fluidization velocity of a fluidized bed at Lafayette College AIChE Journal is an official chemical engineering journal of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, covering the very latest technological advances. 3 represents the just fluidized bed; thus, it is at the minimum fluidizing velocity. The fluidisation principle is straightforward: passing a fluid upwards through a packed bed of solids produces a pressure drop due to fluid drag. htm) in Fundamentals of We wish to determine a minimum flow rate allowing the particles to become fluidized, the minimum fluidization velocity (um), and the flow rate which carries the first particle out of the chamber, the terminal velocity (ut). Pneumatic Powder and Solid Transport Systems On the continuum level, the second order velocity term demonstrates that the Ergun equation also includes the pressure drop due to inertia, as described by the Darcy–Forchheimer equation. As from this moment the powder behaves as liquid at boiling point, hence the Nov 1, 2023 · In order to calculate minimum fluidization velocity for vibrating fluidized bed, at first minimum fluidization velocity is calculated according to a model by Wen & Yu (Wen and Yu, 1966): (5) Re m f = u m f ⋅ d p ν f = 33. The details of the minimum velocity depend upon a number of factors, including the shape, size, density, and polydispersity of the particles. 43. 48, 7. What minimum upflow velocity is required to ensure fluidization of the entire filter bed? Sep 10, 2008 · For critical fluidization velocity we have proposed a similar type of equation as Thonglimp et al. The fluid being supplied to fluidize the particles is air. org. The hydrodynamic parameters related to fluidized beds depend on solid and liquid properties, i. Feb 15, 2023 · Generally, minimum fluidization velocity (U mf), fluid velocity-voidage relationship at the fluidized condition and minimum elutriation velocity are the essential operating parameters in designing a fluidized bed in process industries. Computed tomography data are used to measure the local time-average gas holdup for Mar 2, 2021 · fluidization velocity calculation and pressure drop through the fluidized bed reactor. These trends are shown to be due to the influence of the wall. For handout and present May 15, 2019 · The minimum fluidization velocity, as a transition velocity from the regime of a fixed bed to fluidized bed, is a critical parameter with respect to the design and operation of fluidized beds. The formula for calculating porosity: e = ( uc / ui) 1/n. ΔP is the pressure drop. Fluid Typical fluid flow velocities for common liquids, gases and vapors. Based on the test results and Ergun equation, an experience Civil Engineering. Quartz sand and bottom ash were fluidized in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor at atmospheric pressure with four size distributions including narrow-cut, Gaussian-type, binary and uniformly distributed cases. Feb 1, 2013 · Dried at temperature of 130°C with a fluidization velocity 0. The velocity at point B is called critical fluidization velocity or minimum velocity for partial fluidization. The result shows a steady increase in pressure drop with flow rate increase up to a maximum point after which the pressure drop slightly decreases then fluctuate with the increase of the flow rate, which can be achieved automatically May 1, 2022 · A few scholars have proposed predictive correlations focusing on irregular particle shapes, with typical examples listed in Table 1. Calculate the velocity of fluidization, uo, of a catalytic bed of diameter D = 2 ft and initial height ho= 3 ft. The initial flowrate was 8l/min, then increased to 10l/min Aug 1, 2015 · The velocity at which the particle circulation rate becomes zero is defined as the critical transition velocity. (minimum fluidization velocity of binary mixture in cylindrical bed) [15] and for maximum pressure drop calculation we have proposed a similar type of equation as Olazer et al. 4, and is specific gravity of 2. , 2002), which is proportional to the drag force needed to attain solid suspension in the gas phase. 1C. , 1952, Fluid flow through packed columns, Chem Eng Progr 48(2): 89. prediction of this wor k is to prevent catalysts or used small quantities of bed particles and . Jan 17, 2020 · Divide the volume of the container into the volume of water added. Lots of empirical correlations have so far been reported in the literature to calculate Umf. 65. 0, 1. google. 4 that will be used with the sand in a dual media filter. fluidization velocities are calculated for a range of void fractions, from 0. 6. 58 to 5. 5kg respectively. The experiments were however carried out fluidization (Figure 2. In this section we present the procedure used to calculate both of them. mun. 6 mm, a uniformity coefficient of 1. L is the height of the bed. This is particularly true for impingement fluidization, which is little studied, especially when treating parachute-shaped raw material. 2 x 10-4 m) and 1. The present study aims at presenting an improvement of the use of Wen and Yu simplifications for minimum fluidization velocity having presented the scientific awkwardness The documentation of this video and other videos from this channel can be obtained from the following link for a small donation:https://drive. Fluidization. Models for minimum fluidization velocity Feb 8, 2017 · Fluidization: UnitOperations 3 2 Minimum Velocity of Fluidization The minimum velocity at which a bed of particles fluidizes is a crucial parameter needed for the design of any fluidization operation. 1. full fluidization. The value of inlet […] Calculate conveyor capacities. May 1, 2015 · When the SSV was traced changing the superficial fluidization velocity from 0. SOLUTION TO EXERCISE 7. 2 and 7. 8 to the minimum fluidization velocity of spherical particles are equal to 0. 77 and 0. (200 mm) dia. These tests can be run with various gases (e. The superficial fluid velocity at which the fluidization of the bed commences is called the incipient or minimum fluidization velocity, V 0M 2. The voidage is therefore 0. Dec 8, 2020 · The modeling of the minimum fluidization velocity (U0mf) and the incipient fluidization pressure drop (ΔPmf) is a valuable research topic in the fluidization field. The bed is 2. 45 for sand beds and 0. 71 of the fluidization index (u/u mf), a threshold point changing the slope of SSV to the fluidization velocity was observed at 0. In these correlations, the minimum fluidization Reynolds number (Re mf) can be expressed as a function of the Archimedes number (Ar), voidage (ε mf) and particle shape factors, which are briefly classified into two types, namely, Type I: Re mf = (K 1 2 + K 2 Ar Jul 3, 2018 · The single particle terminal velocity of the particles is 0. The fluidization velocity – source: (Vasconcelos and Mesquita, 2011)2 2. 7 and 0. particles. The method helps calculate with satisfactory engineering precision the minimum fluidization velocity on which depend the size of the reactor for wet biomass torrefaction, the flow rate of the fluidizing agent, and other characteristics of ÐÏ à¡± á> þÿ Aug 4, 2010 · A new, semicorrelated model is proposed, which incorporates Janssen's wall effects in the calculation of the minimum fluidization velocity. 5 m deep and contains particles of density of 1560 kg/m3 and average size of 1. (maximum pressure drop in conical spouted bed) [8]. 55 m/s with an initial particle size of 0. K. It means that there is a compromise of the fluidization velocity Aug 1, 2007 · Later, Peng and Fan [2] made an in-depth study of the hydrodynamic characteristics of solid–liquid fluidization in a tapered bed and derived theoretical models for the prediction of minimum fluidization velocity and maximum pressure drop, based on the dynamic balance of forces exerted on the particle. The Apr 1, 1993 · Abstract. I tried searching for formula for using empirical relations to calculate it. 29 m/s (2. 75 150 1 Pressure drop across bed g h D L u u D f P f f P f ρ ε ε ρ ρ ε µ + − + M = void fraction at the minimum fluidization velocity A = cross-sectional area of the bed ρ p = particle density g = gravitational constant M = total mass of packing. Calculate the minimum (upflow) approach velocity required to accomplish fluidization of each filter medium, if the terminal settling velocity of these grains are in the laminar regime. Aug 1, 2007 · The minimum fluidization velocity for the four masses of sesame seeds did not present significant differences among them, obtaining an average value of 40,23 0,23 m/s and of 0,6366 3,42 m/s to the Feb 1, 2021 · Defines terminal settling velocity and derives the mathematical expression for laminar and turbulent flow. 1B) with a corresponding minimum fluidization velocity, Umf. The bed is packed with solid particles of density Ps= 2g/cm3 and mean diameter Dp = 0. 5 and 2. The average size of the bubble, db , is determined by evaluating Equation (CD12-37) at h /2: At the top of the bed ( h = 91. Express the voidage as a percentage by multiplying by 100. (maximum pressure drop in conical spouted bed) [8] have been proposed Oct 1, 2017 · In order to calculate the minimum fluidization velocity for solid particles, Ergun equation that is suitable for particles used in this study that are classified as Geldart B, have density 3210 kg Jul 26, 2021 · To compute for porosity, three essential parameters are needed and these parameters are Sedimentation Velocity (uc), Corresponding Velocity (ui) and Index Number (n). 1 Theoretical model equations for predict: V mf (Ergun, 31952) developed, for fixed beds, a pressure‐drop Here’s the best way to solve it. Pipes - Fluid Flow Velocities Calculate fluid velocity and volume flow in pipes and tubes. com/driv Nov 15, 2008 · Based on the well-known Ergun equation and the force balance of a particle bed under fluidization bringing into account the interparticle forces, a new correlation for prediction of the minimum fluidization velocity (umf ) for fine particles of various degrees of cohesiveness has been derived. Prediction of minimum velocity and minimum bed pressure drop for gas-solid fluidization in conical conduits. Where: Find the pressure drop across bed when the acceleration due to gravity is 12, the porosity is 21, the density of solid is 18 and the density of liquid is 10. 47. All relevant relations (33 equations) can be reformulated as dimensions correlations in which the state of the fluidized bed is determined by the parameter Ar / Remf. ( ) (0 ) 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1. (a) Calculate the bed height at incipient fluidization. Then, an Ergun equation modifying method and the dimensional analysis method Jan 1, 2018 · The minimum fluidization velocity (U mf), defined as the superficial gas velocity at which the drag force of the upward moving gas becomes equal to the weight of the particles in the bed, is one of the most important parameters associated with a fluidized bed system. This paper focused on determining the drag coefficient for cauliflower florets Question: Find by calculation, the minimum fluidization velocity using the following Equation. Jan 1, 2001 · A change in the Wen and Yu's correlations use is then suggested to increase, on the one hand, the prediction accuracy for the minimum fluidization velocity calculation, and on the other hand, the Jan 1, 2012 · Also characteristics of particles used in calculation; namely size, bulk density, voidage or particle porosity and shape factor were represented Keywords: Fluidization, Fluidized bed, Minimum DOI: 10. minimum fluidization velocity, particle size distribution in the bed, and minimum elutriation velocity, is important for the operation and design of such systems [2]. mmpwhxqkasavwjsqlmoe